Primary colorectal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A report of eighteen cases in a tertiary care center.

Primary colorectal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is very rare colon malignancy. It is important to know the main demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 18 patients diagnosed with primary colorectal DLBCL during a 17-year period at the National Cancer Institute of Brazil (INCA) between 2000 and 2018. Demographic characteristics, tumor localization, HIV status, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, treatment modality and follow-up status were obtained from medical records. Survival was estimated from the date of diagnosis until death. There were 11 male and seven female patients in our cohort, the median age at diagnosis was 59.5 years and four patients were HIV positive. Tumor was mainly localized in the right colon. Patients were treated with chemotherapy (CT) and/or surgical resection. Eleven patients died during a median follow-up of 59 months and the median survival time was 10 months. Six or more cycles of CT (HR=0.19; CI 95% 0.054-0.660, p = 0.009), LDH levels below 350 U/L (HR=0.229; CI 95% 0.060-0.876, p = 0.031) and surgical resection (HR=0.23; CI 95% 0.065-0.828, p = 0.030) were associated with reduced risk of death in univariate analysis. Patient's age and DLBCL right colon localization should be considered at diagnosis to distinguish between DLBCL and other diseases for differential diagnosis. Six cycles of CT, LDH levels below 350 U/L and surgical resection were associated with better survival. Our results are consistent with previous publications and address the importance of correct colorectal DLBCL diagnosis and treatment.

Impacto de Marcadores Inflamatórios no Prognóstico de Pacientes Oncológicos Internados no Instituto Nacional de Câncer com SARS-CoV-2 na Primeira Onda da Pandemia no Brasil / Impact of Inflammatory Markers on the Prognosis of Patients with Cancer Admitted to the National Cancer Institute with SARS-CoV-2 in the First Wave of the Pandemic in Brazil / Impacto de los Marcadores Inflamatorios en el Pronóstico de Pacientes con Cáncer Ingresados en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer con SARS-CoV-2 en la Primera Ola de la Pandemia en el Brasil

Introdução: O intenso processo inflamatório desencadeado pela covid-19 tem sido apontado por diversos autores. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de marcadores inflamatórios no prognóstico de pacientes com tumores sólidos internados com SARS-CoV-2/covid-19 na primeira onda da pandemia no Brasil. Método: Estudo de coorte com pacientes maiores de 18 anos com câncer, internados em um centro público de referência no tratamento oncológico, com SARS-CoV-2/covid-19, no período de março a setembro de 2020. Os seguintes marcadores inflamatórios foram analisados: razão neutrófilo-linfócito (RNL), derivação da razão neutrófilo-linfócito (dRNL) e razão plaqueta-linfócito (RPL). Foi considerado desfecho deste estudo a ocorrência de óbito durante a internação hospitalar. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e o desfecho foi analisada por meio de regressão logística univariada e múltipla. Resultados: Dos 185 pacientes, a maioria apresentava idade < 65 anos (61,1%), performance status (PS) ≥ 2 (82,4%) e estavam em tratamento oncológico (80,0%). O câncer de mama foi o tumor mais frequente (26,5%). Para a maior parte dos casos, o tempo de internação foi ≥ 5 dias (59,5%) e ocorreu em unidade de tratamento intensivo (84,3%). Durante a internação, 86 (46,5%) pacientes evoluíram para óbito. Na análise ajustada, apenas a RNL elevada (≥ 4,44) esteve associada ao risco de morrer (OR 3,54; IC 95%; 1,68 - 7,46; p = 0,001). Conclusão: A RNL se mostrou um importante marcador prognóstico, e níveis acima do seu valor mediano estiveram relacionados ao aumento do risco de morte durante a internação hospitalar

Introduction: The intense inflammatory process triggered by COVID-19 has been pointed out by several authors. Objective: To evaluate the impact of inflammatory markers on the prognosis of patients with solid tumors hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 in the first wave of the pandemic in Brazil. Method: A cohort study of patients >18 years old with cancer, hospitalized at a public cancer treatment reference center, with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 from March to September 2020. The following inflammatory markers were analyzed: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derivation of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The outcome of this study was death during hospitalization. The association between the independent variables and the outcome was analyzed using univariate and multiple logistic regression. Results: Of the 185 patients, most were aged < 65 years (61.1%), had performance status (PS) ≥ 2 (82.4%) and were in cancer treatment (80.0%). Breast cancer was the most frequent tumor (26.5%). For the majority of the cases, the length of hospital stay was ≥ 5 days (59.5%) and occurred in the intensive treatment unit (84.3%). During hospitalization, 86 (46.5%) patients progressed to death. In the adjusted analysis only high NLR (≥ 4.44) was associated with the risk of death (OR 3.54; 95% CI; 1.68 - 7.46; p = 0.001). Conclusion: NLR proved to be an important prognostic marker, and levels above its median value were related to an increased risk of death during hospitalization

Introducción: El papel de la inflamación desencadenada por la COVID-19 ha sido señalado por varios autores. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de los marcadores inflamatorios en el pronóstico de pacientes con tumores sólidos hospitalizados por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 en la primera ola de la pandemia en el Brasil. Método: Estudio de cohorte con pacientes >18 años con cáncer, ingresados en un centro público de referencia en el tratamiento del cáncer, con SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 de marzo a septiembre de 2020. Se evaluaron los siguientes marcadores inflamatorios: relación neutrófilos-linfocitos (RNL), derivación de la relación neutrófilos-linfocitos (dRNL) y relación plaquetas-linfocitos (RPL). Se consideró como desenlace de este estudio la ocurrencia de muerte durante la hospitalización. La asociación entre las variables independientes y el desenlace se analizó mediante regresión logística univariada y múltiple. Resultados: De los 185 pacientes hospitalizados, la mayoría tenía una edad < 65 años (61,1%), un performance status (PS) ≥ 2 (82,4%) y estaban en tratamiento oncológico (80,0 %). El cáncer de mama fue el tumor más frecuente (26,5%). Para la mayoría de los casos, el tiempo de hospitalización fue ≥ 5 días (59,5%) y ocurrió en la unidad de tratamiento intensivo (84,3%). Durante la hospitalización, 86 (46,5%) pacientes terminaron falleciendo. En el análisis ajustado, solo una RNL alta (≥ 4,44) se asoció con el riesgo de muerte (OR 3,54; IC 95%; 1,68 - 7,46; p = 0,001). Conclusión: La RNL demostró ser un importante marcador pronóstico, y los niveles por encima de su valor medio se relacionaron con un mayor riesgo de muerte durante la hospitalización

Quality of life in a randomized trial comparing two neoadjuvant regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer-INCAGI004.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) followed by surgery is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), but the emergence of different drug regimens may result in different response rates. Good clinical response translates into greater sphincter preservation, but quality of life (QOL) may be impaired after treatment due to chemoradiotherapy and surgical side effects. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the impact of clinical response and surgical resection on QOL in a randomized trial comparing two different neoCRT regimens. METHODS: Stage II and III rectal cancer patients were randomized to receive neoCRT with either capecitabine (group 1) or 5-Fu and leucovorin (group 2) concomitant to long-course radiotherapy. Clinical downstaging was accessed using MRI 6-8 weeks after treatment. EORTCs QLQ-C30 and CR38 were applied before treatment (T0), after neoCRT (T1), after rectal resection (T2), early after adjuvant chemotherapy (T3), and 1 year after the end of treatment or stoma closure (T4). The Wexner scale was used for fecal incontinence evaluation at T4. A C30SummaryScore (Geisinger and cols.) was calculated to compare QOL results. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were assigned to group 1 and 31 to group 2. Clinical downstaging occurred in 70.0% of group 1 and 53.3% of group 2 (p = 0.288), and sphincter preservation was 83.3% in group 1 and 80.0% in group 2 (p = 0.111). No significant difference in QOL was detected when comparing the two treatment groups after neoCRT using QLQ-C30. However, the CR38 module detected differences in micturition problems (15.3 points), gastrointestinal problems (15.3 points), defecation problems (11.8 points), and sexual satisfaction (13.3 points) favoring the capecitabine group. C30SummaryScore detected significant improvement comparing T0 to T1 and deterioration comparing T1 to T2 (p = 0.025). The mean Wexner scale score was 9.2, and a high score correlated with symptoms of diarrhea and defecation problems at T4. CONCLUSIONS: QOL was equivalent between groups after neoCRT except for micturition problems, gastrointestinal problems, defecation problems, and sexual satisfaction favoring the capecitabine arm after. The overall QOL using the C30SummaryScore was improved after neoCRT, but decreased following rectal resection, returning to basal levels at late evaluation. Fecal incontinence was high after sphincter preservation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03428529.

Brazilian society of surgical oncology: Guidelines for the surgical treatment of mid-low rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer in North America, Western Europe, and Brazil, and represents an important public health problem. It is estimated that approximately 30% of all the CRC cases correspond to tumors located in the rectum, requiring complex multidisciplinary treatment. In an effort to provide surgeons who treat rectal cancer with the most current information based on the best evidence in the literature, the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (SBCO) has produced the present guidelines for rectal cancer treatment that is focused on the main topics related to daily clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: The SBCO developed the present guidelines to provide recommendations on the main topics related to the treatment of mid-low rectal cancer based on current scientific evidence. METHODS: Between May and June 2021, 11 experts in CRC surgery met to develop the guidelines for the treatment of mid-low rectal cancer. A total of 22 relevant topics were disseminated among the participants. The methodological quality of a final list with 221 sources was evaluated, all the evidence was examined and revised, and the treatment guideline was formulated by the 11-expert committee. To reach a final consensus, all the topics were reviewed via a videoconference meeting that was attended by all 11 of the experts. RESULTS: The prepared guidelines contained 22 topics considered to be highly relevant in the treatment of mid-low rectal cancer, covering subjects related to the tests required for staging, surgical technique-related aspects, recommended measures to reduce surgical complications, neoadjuvant strategies, and nonoperative treatments. In addition, a checklist was proposed to summarize the important information and offer an updated tool to assist surgeons who treat rectal cancer provide the best care to their patients. CONCLUSION: These guidelines summarize concisely the recommendations based on the most current scientific evidence on the most relevant aspects of the treatment of mid-low rectal cancer and are a practical guide that can help surgeons who treat rectal cancer make the best therapeutic decision.

The Evolving Field of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally-advanced Rectal Cancer: Evidence and Prospects.

The standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer comprises neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by total mesorectal excision. This strategy provides low local recurrence rate, however distant recurrence is still an issue and may impact on survival rates. Novel approaches in the neoadjuvant setting have been tested to improve early and late outcomes, as well as to reduce treatment-related toxicity and morbidity. In this review, we discuss the current literature of neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer, including total neoadjuvant methods, protocols for radiation delivery, chemotherapy regimen and efforts to add novel targeted therapies, selective withdrawal of surgery or radiotherapy, and future perspectives. Moreover, we highlight relevant issues that have emerged with these new treatment possibilities.

Non-elective and revision arthroplasty are independently associated with hip and knee prosthetic joint infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii: a Brazilian single center observational cohort study of 98 patients.

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) has become a growing concern due to its overwhelming ability to express resistance to antibiotics and produce biofilm. AIM: This study aimed to identify independent risk factors (RFs) associated with Ab-associated PJI and their role in the treatment outcome. METHODS: This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study of PJI patients diagnosed between January 2014 and July 2018. A PJI diagnosis was made based upon the MSIS 2018 criteria. To estimate RFs associated with Ab-associated PJI, multivariate analyses with a level of significance of p < 0.05 were performed. To evaluate treatment failure, Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were performed. RESULTS: Overall, 98 PJI cases were assessed, including 33 with Ab-associated PJI and 65 with PJI involving other microorganisms (non-Ab-associated PJI). Independent RFs associated with Ab-associated PJI were revision arthroplasty [odds ratio (OR) = 3.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-7.90; p = 0.025] and nonelective arthroplasty (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.01-7.01; p = 0.049). Ab-associated PJI was also more likely than non-Ab-associated PJI to be classified as a chronic late infection (OR = 5.81; 95% CI = 2.1-16.07; p = 0.001). Ab-associated PJI was not associated with treatment failure (p = 0.557). CONCLUSIONS: Late chronic infections, surgical revision and nonelective arthroplasty are well-known predictors of PJI but were also independently associated with Ab-associated PJI. Infections caused by Ab and surgical treatment with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention were not associated with PJI treatment failure. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study data supporting our results were registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6ft5yb/ ), an open-access virtual platform for the registration of studies on humans performed in Brazil. Registration no. RBR-6ft5yb .

Laparoscopic versus robotic approach in rectal cancer / Abordagem laparoscópica ou robótica no câncer retal

Abstract The treatment of rectal cancer is complex and responsible for sequelae due to the various therapeutic modalities, especially the surgical resection. The advent of minimally invasive surgery provided a faster postoperative recovery and a lower complication rate when compared to conventional surgery. The implementation of laparoscopic approach in rectal cancer was responsible for these better results, but the limitations of this method added to the development of robotics, raised the question of which minimally invasive method would be more advantageous in the approach of rectal cancer. The present review will address the most recent data regarding the comparison between the laparoscopic and robotic approach in rectal cancer.

Resumo O tratamento do câncer de reto é complexo e responsável por sequelas causadas pelas diversas modalidades terapêuticas, principalmente a ressecção cirúrgica. O advento da cirurgia minimamente invasiva está associado a uma recuperação pós-operatória mais rápida e uma menor taxa de intercorrências do que as observadas na cirurgia convencional. A implementação da abordagem laparoscópica no câncer de reto foi responsável por esses melhores resultados, mas as limitações do método, bem como o desenvolvimento da cirurgia robótica, levantaram a questão de qual método minimamente invasivo seria mais vantajoso na abordagem desse tipo de câncer. A presente revisão apresenta os dados mais recentes na comparação entre a abordagem laparoscópica e robótica no câncer retal.

Colorectal robotic surgery: INCA's experience / Cirurgia robótica colorretal: experiência do INCA

ABSTRACT Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized surgical management in the treatment of colorectal neoplasms, reducing morbidity and mortality, hospitalization, inactivity time and minimizing cost, as well as providing adequate oncological results when compared to the conventional approach. Robotic surgery, with Da Vinci Platform, emerges as a step ahead for its potentials. The objective of this article is to report the single institutional experience with the use of Da Vinci Platform in robotic colorectal surgeries performed at a reference center in oncological surgery in Brazil. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the prospective database of patients from the institution submitted to robotic surgery for treatment of colorectal cancer from July 2012 to September 2017. Clinical and surgical variables were analyzed as predictors of morbidity and mortality. Results: A total of 117 patients underwent robotic surgery. The complications related to surgery occurred in 33 patients (28%), the most frequent being anastomotic fistula and surgical wound infection, which corresponded to 11% and 3%, respectively. Conversion rate was 1.7%. Median length of stay was 5 days. The only variable associated with increase of complications and death risk was BMI >30, with p-value of 0.038 and 0.027, respectively. Conclusion: Robotic surgery is safe and feasible for approaching colorectal cancer surgeries, presenting satisfactory results regarding length of hospital stay and rate of operative complications, as well as presenting a low rate of conversion. Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for surgical complication in robotic colorectal surgery.

RESUMO Introdução: A cirurgia minimamente invasiva revolucionou o tratamento cirúrgico no manejo das neoplasias colorretais, reduzindo a morbidade e mortalidade, a hospitalização, o tempo de inatividade e minimizando os custos, além de fornecer resultados oncológicos adequados quando comparada à abordagem convencional. A cirurgia robótica, com a Plataforma Da Vinci, surge como um passo à frente por seus potenciais. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência institucional única com o uso da Plataforma Da Vinci em cirurgias robóticas colorretais realizadas em um centro de referência em cirurgia oncológica no Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, baseado na base de dados prospectiva de pacientes da instituição que foram submetidos à cirurgia robótica para tratamento de câncer colorretal, de julho de 2012 a setembro de 2017. As variáveis clínicas e cirúrgicas foram analisadas como preditores de morbidade e mortalidade. Resultados: Um total de 117 pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia robótica. As complicações relacionadas à cirurgia ocorreram em 33 pacientes (28%), sendo as mais frequentes fístula anastomótica e infecção da ferida cirúrgica, correspondendo a 11% e 3%, respectivamente. A taxa de conversão foi de 1,7%. O tempo mediano de permanência foi de 5 dias. A única variável associada ao aumento de complicações e risco de óbito foi o IMC >30, com p-valor de 0,038 e 0,027, respectivamente. Conclusão: A cirurgia robótica é segura e viável para a abordagem de cirurgias de câncer colorretal, apresentando resultados satisfatórios quanto ao tempo de internação hospitalar e taxa de complicações operatórias, além de apresentar baixo índice de conversão. A obesidade tem se mostrado um fator de risco para complicações cirúrgicas na cirurgia colorretal robótica.

Factors affecting local regrowth after watch and wait for patients with a clinical complete response following chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer (InterCoRe consortium): an individual participant data meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In patients with rectal cancer who achieve clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, watch and wait is a novel management strategy with potential to avoid major surgery. Study-level meta-analyses have reported wide variation in the proportion of patients with local regrowth. We did an individual participant data meta-analysis to investigate factors affecting occurrence of local regrowth. METHODS: We updated search results of a recent systematic review by searching MEDLINE and Embase from Jan 1, 2016, to May 5, 2017, and used expert knowledge to identify published studies reporting on local regrowth in patients with rectal cancer managed by watch and wait after clinical complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. We restricted studies to those that defined clinical complete response using criteria equivalent to São Paulo benchmarks (ie, absence of residual ulceration, stenosis, or mass within the rectum on clinical and endoscopic examination). The primary outcome was 2-year cumulative incidence of local regrowth, estimated with a two-stage random-effects individual participant data meta-analysis. We assessed the effects of clinical and treatment factors using Cox frailty models, expressed as hazard ratios (HRs). From these models, we derived percentage differences in mean θ as an approximation of the effect of measured covariates on between-centre heterogeneity. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017070934. FINDINGS: We obtained individual participant data from 11 studies, including 602 patients enrolled between March 11, 1990, and Feb 13, 2017, with a median follow-up of 37·6 months (IQR 25·0-58·7). Ten of the 11 datasets were judged to be at low risk of bias. 2-year cumulative incidence of local regrowth was 21·4% (random-effects 95% CI 15·3-27·6), with high levels of between-study heterogeneity (I2=61%). We noted wide between-centre variation in patient, tumour, and treatment characteristics. We found some evidence that increasing cT stage was associated with increased risk of local regrowth (random-effects HR per cT stage 1·40, 95% CI 1·00-1·94; ptrend=0·048). In a subgroup of 459 patients managed after 2008 (when pretreatment staging by MRI became standard), 2-year cumulative incidence of local regrowth was 19% (95% CI 13-28) for stage cT1 and cT2 tumours, 31% (26-37) for cT3, and 37% (21-60) for cT4 (random-effects HR per cT stage 1·50, random-effects 95% CI 1·03-2·17; ptrend=0·0330). We estimated that measured factors contributed 4·8-45·3% of observed between-centre heterogeneity. INTERPRETATION: In patients with rectal cancer and clinical complete response after chemoradiotherapy managed by watch and wait, we found some evidence that increasing cT stage predicts for local regrowth. These data will inform clinician-patient decision making in this setting. Research is needed to determine other predictors of a sustained clinical complete response. FUNDING: None.

Fatores associados à aprovação na prova de título de Especialista em Ortopedia, Brasil 2017 / Factors associated with the approval in the Orthopedics specialist test, Brazil 2017

Objetivos: avaliar os fatores associados à aprovação na prova de TEOT. Materiais e métodos: estudo observacional comparativo, através de questionário autorrespondido, contendo questões sociodemográficas, comportamentais e associadas à residência médica, aplicado a residentes de Ortopedia e Traumatologia no Congresso Brasileiro da respectiva Sociedade, no ano de 2016, na cidade de Belo Horizonte, e realizaram a prova de título de especialista em Ortopedia e Traumatologia (TEOT). Resultados: 190 residentes presentes ao Congresso Brasileiro realizaram o TEOT, sendo 169 aprovados e 21 reprovados. Foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, três controles (reprovados) para cada um dos 21 residentes, num total de 94 voluntários. Fatores associados à aprovação foram: ser disciplinado para o estudo (p=0,001) e ter domínio de língua estrangeira (p=0,006). Conclusões: residentes com uma maior disciplina e conhecimento de língua estrangeira apresentaram maior chance de sucesso na prova do TEOT. Nenhum fator sociodemográfico avaliado estava associado à aprovação

Objectives: evaluate factors associated to approval on the TEOT test. Method: observational, comparative study made through self-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic, behavioral and associated to the medical residency questions applied to Orthopedics and Traumatology residentes at the Brazilian Congress from this Society in 2016, at Belo Horizonte and who took the test to get the Tittle of Specialist in Orthopedics and Traumatology (in Portuguese, TEOT). Results: 190 residents who were attending the Brazilian Congress took the TEOT: 169 were approved and 21 failed. For each one of the 21 residents, three control residents (who failed the test) were randomly selected, resulting in 94 volunteers. The factors which were associated to succeeding the test were: being disciplined when it concerns to studying (p=0,001) and mastering English (p=0,006). Conclusions: those residents who were more disciplined and who mastered English had better chances of succeeding at TEOT test. None of the evaluated sociodemographic factors were associated to being approved on the test

Regressão do estádio clínico, preservação esfincteriana e qualidade de vida em câncer de reto: resultados de um estudo prospectivo randomizado comparando dois esquemas de radioquimioterapia neoadjuvante / [Regression of the clinical stage, sphincter preservation and quality of life in rectal cancer: results of a prospective randomized study comparing two neoadjuvant radiotherapy schemes]

Introdução: O tratamento do câncer de reto localmente avançado é a radioquimioterapia, seguido de ressecção, reduzindo a taxa de recidiva local. Estudos sugerem que a capecitabina, uma droga oral, usada como droga única combinada à radioterapia neoadjuvante em substituição ao 5-fluorouracil e leucovorin (5-FU/LV) intravenoso possa aumentar a taxa de resposta clínica e patológica. Um benefício potencial da regressão tumoral com o tratamento neoadjuvante é a redução da taxa de colostomia definitiva em pacientes com tumores no reto inferior. Objetivo: Comparar o esquema neoadjuvante com capecitabina ao esquema padrão no Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) (5-FU/LV em bólus), avaliando a taxa de preservação esfincteriana, complicações cirúrgicas, e o impacto na qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo de fase II randomizado, incluindo pacientes com adenocarcinoma retal localmente avançado (T>3 ou N>1, M0) até 10 cm da margem anal pela retossigmoidoscopia foram randomizados no INCA entre os esquemas: (1) capecitabina oral 825mg/m2 2x ao dia 5 dias por semana por cinco semanas e (2) 5-FU/LV IV na dose de 350mg/m2 /20 mg/m2 em bólus do 1º ao 5º dia na primeira e na quinta semanas, ambos concomitantes à radioterapia pélvica 50,4 Gy em 28 frações. Estadiamento clínico realizado antes e após o tratamento neoadjuvante por tomografia computadorizada de tórax, abdome e pelve, ressonância magnética (RNM) pélvica e ecoendoscopia transretal. Operação programada seis a oito semanas após o término da neoadjuvância. Preservação esfincteriana tentada sempre que possível se margens negativas. Avaliação histopatológica pela classificação TNM 7ª edição e incluiu o grau de regressão tumoral (GRT) segundo Mandard. Questionários de qualidade de vida QLQ-30 e QLQ-CR38 foram aplicados antes e após a neoadjuvância, após a operação e no seguimento. Resultados: Entre fevereiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2012, 50 pacientes foram randomizados (25 em cada braço). 49 pacientes foram operados. Os grupos foram equivalentes quanto à idade, gênero, índice de massa corpórea, performance status, antígeno carcinoembrionário, estadiamento, e localização tumoral. Ambos os esquemas foram bem tolerados, apenas uma paciente com toxicidade Grau >3. Regressão do estádio clínico foi mais frequente no grupo 1 (capecitabina) avaliado pela ecoendoscopia (50% vs 17%, p=0,02), assim como a variável T (35% vs 8%, p=0,05). Houve tendência a maior regressão da variável T pela RNM no grupo 1 (44% vs 20%, p=0,07). Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto a complicações pós-operatórias (29,1% vs 32%p=0,247), e preservação esfincteriana (83,3% vs 84,0, p=1,00). Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação ao estádio patológico (p=0,552) e ao GRT (p=0,546), mas houve mais resposta completa no grupo da capecitabina (22% vs 8%). Houve melhora da pontuação nos escores de qualidade de vida após o tratamento neoadjuvante, e queda posterior ao tratamento cirúrgico, em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: A radioquimioterapia neoadjuvante com capecitabina é bem tolerada e parece levar a uma maior taxa de resposta clínica. Pode ser substituta ao 5-FU, principalmente quando se pretende maior regressão tumoral, preservação esfincteriana ou aumento de margens, além da conveniência oral.

Avaliação por imagem da osteíte púbica / Imaging assessment of osteitis pubis

OBJETIVO: Abordagem fisiopatológica da osteite púbica e sua repercussão nos exames de imagem, enfatizando a incidência Flamingo e os aspectos diagnósticos por ressonância magnética (RM). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram avalidaos, retrospectivamente, os exames por RM de dez pacientes, oito deles atletas de elite, com sintomas referidos à região inguinal, tendo sido proposto, em alguns deles, estudo de radiografia simples complementar em incidência específica. RESULTADOS: Em todos os pacientes estudados a RM foi o único método por imagem capaz de mostrar a osteíte púbica em seus vários estágios, desde os casos agudos, em que se salienta o edema ósseo medular pubiano, até os casosa crônicos, já com envolvimento de outras articulações do anel pélvico. Seis dos dez pacientes realizaram radiografia em incidência Flamingo, que mostrou em três casos, instabilidade quando ocorria desnivelamento vertical da síntise em mais de 2mm. Esses três pacientes também apresentaram testes de instabilidade positivos ao exame clínico ortopédico. CONCLUSÃO: A RM mostrou-se o método por imagem mais valioso no diagnóstico da osteíte púbica em seus diversos estágios evolutivos. A radiografia simples não foi conclusiva nos estágios iniciais. A incidência Flamingo foi extremamente útil nos casos duvidosos à radiografia simples em incidência convencional, principalmente por possibilitar o diagnóstico de instabilidade vertical da sínfise púbica, responsável pelos casos de osteíte púbica de díficil resolução clínica.